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Basic Operators In Python
What is an operator?
Simple answer can be given using expression 4 + 5 is equal to 9. Here, 4 and 5 are called operands and + is
called operator.
Python language supports the following types of operators.
- Arithmetic Operators
- Comparison(i.e., Relational) Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Log icalOperators
- Bitwise Operators
- Membership Operators
- Identity Operators
Let's have a look onall operators one by one.
Python Arithmetic Operators:
Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20, then:
| Operator | Description | Example |
| + | Addition- Adds values on either side of the
operator |
a + b will give 30 |
| - | Subtraction- Subtracts right hand operand
fromleft hand operand |
a - b will give -10 |
| * | Multiplication- Multiplies values oneither side
of the operator |
a * b will give 200 |
| / | Division- Divides left hand operand by right
hand operand |
b / a will give 2 |
| % | Modulus - Divides left hand operand by right
hand operand and returns remainder |
b % a will g ive 0 |
| ** | Exponent- Performs exponential(power)
calculationonoperators |
a**b will give 10 to the power 20 |
| // | Floor Division- The divisionof operands
where the resultis the quotient in which the
digits after the decimal point are removed. |
9//2 is equalto 4 and 9.0//2.0 is equalto
4.0 |
Python Comparison Operators:
Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20, then:
| Operator | Description | Example |
| == | Checks if the value of two operands are equal
or not, if yes then condition becomes true. |
(a == b) is nottrue. |
| != | Checks if the value of two operands are equal
or not, if values are not equal then condition
becomes true. |
(a != b) is true. |
| <> | Checks if the value of two operands are equal
or not, if values are not equal then condition
becomes true. |
(a <> b) is true. This is similar to !=
operator. |
| > | Checks if the value of left operand is greater
than the value of right operand, if yes then
condition becomes true. |
(a > b) is nottrue. |
| < | Checks if the value of left operand is less than
the value of right operand, if yes then condition
becomes true. |
(a < b) is true. |
| = | Checks if the value of left operand is g reater
thanor equalto the value of right operand, if
yes then condition becomes true. |
(a >= b) is nottrue. |
| = | Checks if the value of left operand is less than
or equal to the value of right operand, if yes
then condition becomes true. |
(a <= b) is true. |
Python Assignment Operators:
Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b holds 20, then:
| Operator | Description | Example |
| = | Simple assignment operator, Assigns values
fromright side operands to left side operand |
c = a + b will assigne value of a + b into c |
| += | Add AND assignment operator, It adds right
operand to the left operand and assignthe
resultto left operand |
c += a is equivalent to c = c + a |
| -= | Subtract AND assignment operator, It
subtracts right operand fromthe left operand
and assign the result to left operand |
c -= a is equivalentto c = c - a |
| *= | Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies
right operand with the left operand and assign
the result to left operand |
c *= a is equivalent to c = c * a |
| /= | Divide AND assignment operator, It divides
left operand with the right operand and assign
the result to left operand |
c /= a is equivalent to c = c / a |
| %= | Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes
modulus using two operands and assign the
resultto left operand |
c %= a is equivalent to c = c % a |
| **= | ExponentAND assignment operator,
Performs exponential(power) calculation on
operators and assign value to the left operand |
c **= a is equivalentto c = c ** a |
| //= | Floor Dividion and assigns a value, Performs
floor division on operators and assign value to
the left operand |
c //= a is equivalent to c = c // a |
Python Bitwise Operators:
Bitwise operator works on bits and perform bit by bit operation. Assume if a = 60; and b = 13; Now inbinary
formatthey will be as follows:
a = 0011 1100
b = 0000 1101
-----------------
a&b = 0000 1100
a|b = 0011 1101
a^b = 0011 0001
There are following Bitwise operators supported by Python language
| Operator | Description | Example |
| & | Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result
if it exists in both operands. |
(a & b) will give 12 whichis 0000 1100 |
| | | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in
either operand. |
(a | b) will give 61 which is 0011 1101 |
| ^ | Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in
one operand but not both. |
(a ^ b) will give 49 which is 0011 0001 |
| ~ | Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary
and has the efect of 'flipping ' bits. |
(~a ) will give -61 whichis 1100 0011 in2's |
complement form due to a signed binary
number.
| << | Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands
value is moved left by the number of bits
specified by the right operand. |
a << 2 will give 240 which is 1111 0000 |
| >> | Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands
value is moved right by the number of bits
specified by the right operand. |
a >> 2 will g ive 15 whichis 0000 1111 |
Python Logical Operators:
There are following logical operators supported by Python language. Assume variable a holds 10 and variable b
holds 20 then :
| Operator | Description | Example |
| and | Called Logical AND operator. If both the
operands are true then the condition becomes
true. |
(a and b) is true. |
| or | Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two
operands are nonzero then the condition
becomes true. |
(a or b) is true. |
| not | Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to
reverses the logical state of its operand. If a
conditionis true thenLogical NOT operator will
make false. |
not(a and b) is false. |
Python Membership Operators:
In additionto the operators discussed previously, Python has membership operators, which test for membership
in a sequence, such as strings, lists, or tuples. There are two membership operators explained below:
| Operator | Description | Example |
| in | Evaluates to true if itfinds a variable inthe
specified sequence and false otherwise. |
x iny, here in results ina 1 if x is a member
of sequence y. |
| notin | Evaluates to true if it does notfinds a variable in
the specified sequence and false otherwise. |
x notiny, here not in results |
Python Identity Operators:
Identity operators compare the memory locations of two objects. There are two Identity operators explained
below:
| Operator | Description | Example |
| is | Evaluates to true if the variables on either side
of the operator pointto the same object and
false otherwise.
| x is y, here is results in1 if id(x) equals id(y). |
| is not | Evaluates to false if the variables oneither side
of the operator pointto the same object and
true otherwise. |
x is not y, here is not results in1 if id(x) is
not equalto id(y). |
Python Operators Precedence
The following table lists all operators fromhighest precedence to lowest.
| Operator | Description |
| ** | Exponentiation(raise to the power) |
| ~ + - | Ccomplement, unary plus and minus (method names for the lasttwo are +@ and -
@) |
| * / % // | Multiply, divide, modulo and floor division |
| + - | Addition and subtraction |
| >> << | Right and left bitwise shift |
| & | Bitwise 'AND' |
| ^ | | Bitwise exclusive `OR' and regular `OR' |
| <= < > >= | Comparison operators |
| <> == != | Equality operators |
| = %= /= //= -= += *=
**= |
Assignment operators |
| is is not | Identity operators |
| innotin | Membership operators |
| not or and | Logical operators |
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